Thailand Free Trade Zones

Thailand Free Trade Zones have 2 main types: General Industrial Zone and Special Economic Zones (SEZS). The Thailand General Industrial Zone is more commonly known as an industrial estate in Thailand. Currently, there are 62 industrial estates and 10 SEZS in Thailand.

Generally, industrial activities are conducted within an industrial estate while an SEZ specializes in both manufacturing and exporting activities. A Thai Free Trade Zone encourages business operations beneficial to the country by removing manufacturing barriers in Thailand.

Businesses that set up within the Thailand Free Trade Zones can enjoy multiple free trade zone benefits and tax advantages such as exemption from customs duties and excise duties, as well as less stringent quality control standards. Simultaneously, businesses are encouraged to utilize Thailand's services and raw materials and employ local workers for their operations.

Thailand Industrial Estates

• There are 62 industrial estates in the country. The Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT) directly administers 12 of them; the rest are jointly operated with private developers.

• Typically, business owners will choose to set up their company in an industrial estate for industrial or commercial activities or to provide services to companies within the estate.

Investors in the estate are able to own land for carrying out industrial activities. Foreign employees in the area can also apply for a dependant visa for their family members and remit currency abroad.

• Businesses that set up in an IEAT-operated area will enjoy exemption or refund of customs import duty, value-added tax (VAT) and excise tax on imported equipment and raw materials.

• The tax benefits in other regions will depend on the authority managing it.

Thailand Special Economic Zones

There are currently 10 Special Economic Zones (SEZS) in Thailand, spread across the provinces of Chiang Rai, Narathiwat, Tak, Nong Khai, Trat, Kanchanaburi, Mukdahan, Songkhla, Sa Kaeo and Nakhon Phanom.

Tak Province

The Tak province consists of a special economic development zone with 14 sub-districts.

With a strategic location on the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC), the Western region of Tak facilitates the transport of goods and resources from the free trade zone to Yangon, the economic center of Myanmar.

The Mae Sot Airport is an international airport located in the Tak Province that is connected to two domestic locations.

There are plans by the IEAT announced in the news, to construct new industrial estates in Tak province in 2022.

Sa Kaeo Province

The Sa Kaeo Special Economic Zone is situated in the GMS Southern Economic Corridor, which acts as an important avenue for Thailand to transport products to Phanom Penh and Southern Vietnam.

The SEZ can benefit from co-production with the Poipet-O'neang Special Economic Development Zone in Cambodia since many Thai businesses have labor-intensive factories in the Cambodia Free Zone.

Trat Province

Well-known as a tourism destination, the Trat province is an attractive Free Zone for businesses seeking to set up in the tourism and service industries.

The free trade zone is also linked to the Koh Kong Special Economic Development Zone in Cambodia.

It has 1 commercial airport and is connected by road to the Laem Chabang seaport and Sihanoukville seaport in Cambodia.

Mukdahan Province

Situated on the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC), the SEZ links Thailand to nearby Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

The SEZ is an important avenue for the transportation of goods and raw materials to Vietnam and Southern China.

Songkhla Province

Established in the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT), the Songkhla Special Economic Development Zone is situated close to the Penang Sea Port, the Klang Sea Port of Malaysia, and a railway linking Thailand with Malaysia. In 2021, industrial estates were successfully built in the free trade areas.

In addition, the province has a joint Special Economic Development Zone with Sadao and Bukit Kay Hitam in Malaysia, providing a wider range of opportunities for investment in the manufacturing and service sectors and encouraging investments from Malaysia.

The Zone hosts many production networks that are connected with Malaysia, facilitating the transport of rubber, seafood, and electronics between the two counties.

Chiang Rai Province

The Chiang Rai Special Economic Zone is connected to the Yunnan Province in Southern China by both land and sea, allowing for more efficient trade between the two countries.

Due to the high quality of its logistic services and its popularity as a tourist destination, the Chiang Rai Province is a popular place for business owners seeking to incorporate in Thailand.

Nong Khai Province

The province is a channel for cross-border trade between Thailand and Laos. With the completion of the FTZs in Laos, goods can be more easily transported between the FTZs.

This free trade zone has a well-integrated transport network, including facilities to aid travel by road, rail, and air. Nakhon Phanom Province

The Free Zone is a commercial route through Vietnam and South China (Guangxi) that facilitates the efficient and effective delivery of products to faraway eastern countries like Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.

Eastern Special Development Zone (ESDZ)

Known more commonly as the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), the ESDZ was established in 2017 to promote economic interconnectivity and ties and is positioned between the Chonburi Province, Chachoengsao Province, and Rayong Province. The government in Bangkok has identified and supported numerous investment projects to develop public utilities, transportation systems, logistics, and human resources, as well as improve connectivity and facilitate investment in the region.

The ESDZ is the biggest project in Thailand and actual investment is expected to reach up to US$10 billion in 2021.

Although the ESDZ is considered a Free Zone in Thailand, it is guided under a separate legislation: the Eastern Special Development Zone Act. Companies that set up in the ESDZ enjoy different incentives and have access to a more well-developed support infrastructure.

Investment projects in the ESDZ can enjoy tax holidays, ranging from 5 to 10 years, depending on the industry.

There are also no import duties on machinery and raw materials used in production and R&D activities within the ESDZ. Additional tax deductions may be granted for certain R&D expenses.

Furthermore, foreigners who set up in the ESDZ can apply for a business visa for up to 5 years and do not have to apply for an additional work permit to work in Thailand.

Nakhon Phanom Province is known for producing good quality agricultural products such as rice, sugar cane, and cassava.

Kanchanaburi Province

The province is connected with the Special Economic Development Zone of Myanmar and the eastern seaboard of Thailand.

The Free Zone has the potential to facilitate transport between Thailand and Tawai in Myanmar through sea routes.

Narathiwat Province

The province is connected to Malaysia through the Asian Highway No. 18, which also connects to Singapore.

Known as a commercial port for transporting fishing products, wood products, consumer goods, and other kinds of products, the province largely exports boats and other consumer products.

Tax Benefits of Thailand Free Trade Zones

Companies incorporated in a targeted industry in a Thailand SEZ are exempted from corporate income tax for the first eight years. Thereafter, they will receive an additional 50% corporate income tax deduction for 5 years.

Imported merchandise necessary for the operations of companies in a Thailand Free Zone is not subjected to import duties, VAT, excise tax, and alcohol tax if applicable. Imported merchandise eligible for exemption includes machinery and equipment, foreign products, and goods transferred from other FTZs.

Domestic goods transferred to an FTZ are exempted from VAT.

Facilitation of export activities

Imported goods or domestic raw materials transferred to a FTZ for business operations are exempted from standard quality control requirements and any other similar requirements if the final product is re-exported to other countries. Typically, there is no import tax or internal taxes and duties on scrap, waste and yield loss from an imported component in a Thailand Free Zone.

Access to skilled labor in Thailand Free Trade Zones

Since many MNCs are found in the Free Zones in Thailand, there will be a transfer of managerial or technical skills to local Thailand employees when MNCs hire local employees.

Many MNCs are also willing to invest in job training programs to upgrade the skills of their local employees.

Eastern Special Development Zone (ESDZ)

Although the ESDZ is considered a Free Zone in Thailand, it is guided under a separate legislation: the Eastern Special Development Zone Act. Companies that are set up in the ESDZ enjoy different incentives and have access to a more well-developed support infrastructure.

Investment projects in the ESDZ can enjoy tax holidays, ranging from 5 to 10 years, depending on the industry.

There are also no import duties on machinery and raw materials used in production and R&D activities within the ESDZ. Additional tax deductions may be granted for certain R&D expenses.

The ESDZ in Thailand consists of different zones for specific industries. Targeted industries in the ESDZ include Next- Generation Automotive, Intelligent Electronics, Advanced Agriculture and Biotechnology, Food for the Future, High-Value and Medical Tourism, Automation and Robotics, Aviation and Logistics, Medical and Comprehensive Healthcare, Biofuel and Biochemical, Digital, Defence and Education and Human Resource Development.

The ESDZ also consists of numerous industrial estates to facilitate related activities in the area.

Updated on: Sunday,February18,2024